The Kantian Revolution From Metaphysics to Epistemology

The Kantian Revolution: From Metaphysics to Epistemology Immanuel Kant is often credited as responsible for the philosophical equivalent of the Copernican Revolution in astronomy. His Copernican Turn introduced the human mind as actively involved in the origination of experience rather than just being a passive recipient of perception. He explains it most thoroughly in the following quote: Up to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but all attempts to find out something about them a priori through concepts that would extend our cognition have, on this presupposition, come to nothing. Hence let us once try whether we do not get farther with the problems of metaphysics by assuming that the objects must conform to our cognition, which would agree better with the requested possibility of an a priori cognition of them†¦This would be just like the first thoughts of Copernicus, who, when he did not make good progress in the explanation of the celestial motions if he assumed that the entire celestial host revolves around the observer, tried to see if he might not have greater success if he made the observer revolve and left the stars at rest. Now in metaphysics we can try in a similar way†¦since experience itself is a kind of cognition requiring the understanding, whose rule I have to presuppose in myself before any object is gi ven to me, hence a priori, which rule is expressed in concepts a priori, to which all objects of experience mustShow MoreRelated Humanities - The Heart of Liberal Education Essay examples3330 Words   |  14 PagesSuch concepts cannot be isolated from political and civic dimensions of life as well as from personal cultivation and character. Nonetheless, older views based on these aspects are open to serious criticism. The four views considered are Aristotelian-Thomistic, Cartesian-positivist, Kantian, and traditionalist (in a liberal and hermeneutic sense). The paper describes key elements in each of these views and notes several objections, with a marked preference for Kantian and traditionalist views. KantRead MoreEssay about Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide3546 Words   |  15 Pagesanalytic philosophy has ever left this early beginning or whether it remains, as according to Joseph Margolis (Temple), Pre-Kantian (Historied 57). Margolis argues that analytic philo sophy, to the extent that it does not eschew all cognitive privilege and a principled disjunction between an independent actual world and the world we experience and claim to know, is Pre-Kantian, particularly most forms of externalism--the view that all thought contents are individuated at least partly by externalRead More Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics THEME In regard to Metaphysics, Kant’s results were seemingly the opposite to what he strove to achieve, cf. the claim, in his Introduction, that â€Å"In this enquiry . . . I venture to assert that there is not a single metaphysical problem which has not been solved, or for the solution of which the key has not been supplied.† In the summing up of his Prolegomena, he records with evident pride in achievement: â€Å"Anyone who has read through and grasped the principlesRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿History of philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  History of Philosophy (disambiguation). This article  may require  copy editing  for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling.You can assist by  editing it.  (April 2013) Philosophy Philosophers Aestheticians Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Social and political philosophers Traditions Analytic Continental Eastern Islamic Platonic Scholastic Periods Ancient Medieval Modern Read MoreThe Importance of Philosophy to Engineering8110 Words   |  33 Pageswater. 1 In fact, from the perspective of some members of the engineering community - not to mention those of the philosophy community - the situation is even worse. Engineering is customarily divided into a number of different branches: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, computer engineering, etc. Something similar goes for philosophy. It too includes different branches: logic, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aestheticsRead MoreLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pagessubstance†. The accusers claim that the human body and soul were viewed as completely separate; consequently, their relationship as such and the united being of man become incomprehensible. As has been shown above, the idea of the separation of the soul from the body did not originate with Descartes; it was formulated much earlier, and repeated by a disciple of Descartes’, Henry Leroy, known as Regius. When Descartes be came aware of this bizarre interpretation he was dismayed and sought to clarify the

Diabetes A Common Chronic Disease - 878 Words

Diabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for our body. When foods were digested, some of those foods were converted into glucose. Glucose then is transferred into the bloodstream and is used by cells for energy. However, for the glucose to be transferred from the blood into the cells; insulin, which was produced by the beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired. Currently, the disease affects approximately 371 million people of the world s population with incidence and prevalence rates rising rapidly (Alotabi, A., Al-Ganmi, A., Gholizadeh, L., and Perry, L, 2016). According to Center for Disease and Control Prevention (2015), approximately 29.1 million people in the US have been diagnosed with diabetes, placing them at increased risk for the many adverse health complications of poor control. If the current trend follows, it is expected that 1 in 3 Americans will have diabetes by 2050 (CDC, 2015). Diabetes is categorized into three major types as the following: type 1 diabetes mellitus is defined as people with diabetes either have too little or no insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to the cells cannot use the insulin, so glucose builds up in the blood, and gestational diabetes mellitus is usually diagnosed in either second or trimesterShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : A Common Chronic Disease1230 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose, a simple sugar, is the primary source of fuel for our bodies. When food is digested, some of the food will be converted into glucose which is then transferred from the blood into the cells however, insulin, which is produced by beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impairedRead MoreDiabetes : A Common Chronic Disease1214 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for our body. When foods are digested, some of those foods are converted into glucose. Glucose then is transferred into the bloodstream and is used by cells for energy. However, for the glucose to be transferred from the blood into the cells, insulin, which was produced by betaRead MoreThe Chronic Illness Of Diabetes Mellitus1164 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Chronic illnesses affect many people, young and old; according to CDC data half of all Americans have had a chronic illness in their lifetime. Chronic illness is defined as any disorder that persists over a long period and affects physical, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual functioning (Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, 2009). If you or anyone you know suffers from chronic illness you know how it can be quite taxing on financial health, peace of mind, emotional health, and familyRead MorePrevalence of Diabetes in USA1223 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Diabetes in US Diabetes in US Introduction Diabetes mellitus, or simply termed as diabetes, is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence round the globe. People who are diabetic suffer with a high rate of blood sugar due to which they are abstained from such several eatables which have a high or low quantity of glucose in them. There are two main causes for such a situation; one is when the pancreas becomes unable to produce a hormone named Insulin, which is responsible toRead MoreKidney Failure Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages(ARF) and the second one is chronic renal failure where can be shortened to (CRF). Gaw et al (2008) identified the differences between them as that the kidneys in acute kidney failure fail over a period of days or hours, while the chronic kidney failure develops over years or months. In addition, the acute renal failure may be reversed which means the normal kidney function could be regained, but the chronic renal failure is irreversible. Chronic Renal Failure Chronic renal failure is progressiveRead MoreDiscovering New Disease Every Year1521 Words   |  6 PagesIsn’t it weird how so many new diseases are created every year, and some are even impossible to detonate? There are many different kinds of diseases that deal with the different types of organs in our body, there are the common ones then there are the not-so common ones. We have many different types of diseases from sexually transmitted diseases to generic disease that we didn’t have before. There are many diseases that target a certain organ such as â€Å"Chronic Liver Disease† which leads to â€Å"Cirrhosis†Read MoreHypertension : Symptoms And Symptoms Of Hypertension1141 Words   |  5 Pagesmedical conditions. For example, the current recommendation for adults age 60, who have no chronic kidney disease or diabetes, is a goal blood pressure below 150/90. For all other adults, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes, the goa l blood pressure is less than 140/90. Hypertension is exceedingly common in the United States and can lead to heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and eye disease. Given the importance of this condition, it is critical for patients to recognize itsRead MoreIs Diabetes A Chronic Metabolic Disorder?1161 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, affects 9.3% of the U.S population. The prevalence is much higher in the population of age 65 or older, reaching 25.9%. It was the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S in 2010, evidenced by a total of 234,051 certificates including both underlying causes and contributing causes. Multiple factors contribute to the development of diabetes, although the exact pathogenesis is still undetermined. Patients with diabetes usually require a lifestyle change, dietRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes1442 Words   |  6 Pageseverything they eat and how much sugar they take in because they have a chronic illness called diabetes. â€Å"When you have diabetes , your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its own insulin as well as it should.† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2015) Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that is located near the stomach and is used to help the glucose get to cells around the body. This disease is characterized by high blood glucose levels. It can be a problem becauseRead MoreDiabetes Is Becoming An Increasingly Prevalent Disease1615 Words   |  7 PagesJust about every five minutes two people die of diabetes related causes and 16 people are newly diagnosed with the disease (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015). Diabetes is becoming an increasingly prevalent disease, especially type 2, due to the fact that the United States population is at high risk for obesity. Type 2 diabetes is when the pancreas suffers a decline in beta cell efficiency therefore disallowing insulin to be produced at the level necessary for its metabolic

Steinbeck presents Crooks Free Essays

Steinbeck presents Crooks as practical and intelligent. This is shown in chapter in the passage â€Å"rubber boots† â€Å"alarm clock† and the â€Å"California Civil Code† book. The books show he reads and cares about his Rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Steinbeck presents Crooks or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also shows that he is practical and active with his alarm clock. It can alternatively mean that he has to be Intelligent to protect himself from getting beaten by the boss If he is late to which he needs to be protecting himself from horse manure. Also with the Californian civil code to be mauled† suggests he attacked the book with anger which could show a bitter hatred the way that people like him are treated Ilke outsiders causes him to lament his loneliness even in his home state. Steinbeck also presents Crooks as permanent and doesnt move around with evidence supporting this Is, â€Å"battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk. It show how he gets beaten down by loneliness and prejudicial treatment of that he Is the only black man on the ranch. The word â€Å"special shelf† suggests the organisation In his home showing that he Ilkes o be stationary and kept whereas it could also mean he has to stay there by the boss and also live alone rather than mixing with white people so Crooks has to live alone and makes full use of living in the barn. B) His character shows us how coloured people were treated in the 1930’s. It tells us that they were treated as second-class citizens and weren’t worthy to share anything with non-coloured people, we know this due to Crook’s having â€Å"his bunk in the harness room†, I think that it is because his boss doesn’t think it’s right for Crook’s to share a bunkhouse with the other men n the ranch, so Crook’s is forced to sleep in the barn. Shows how everyone targeted him as inferior because of the colour of the skin. The separation of his bunk implies that because of his skin colour no one wants to sleep in the same room as him as they think that Crooks isnt worthy of living with them and so they show their racial hatred towards him by their abuse in calling him a â€Å"Nigger†. Due to this, Crooks could turn to books for company which are the only thing that does not consider him as an outcast. How to cite Steinbeck presents Crooks, Papers

Protective Gear Equals Safety In The Nhl Essay Example For Students

Protective Gear Equals Safety In The Nhl Essay PROTECTIVE GEAR EQUALS SAFETY IN THE NHLThe NHL should force their players to wear protective gear. Three reasons why protective gear should be worn are: one, it would prevent physical injuries; two, the players would set a good example for the future generations; three, it would take away from the negative aspects of the game. Protective gear helps a somewhat violent game remain as clean as possible. Wearing protective gear would prevent physical injuries in hockey. There were many hockey players who have worked hard all of their lives to become professional hockey superstars and when they finally got to the NHL, they become injured and were forced to watch the game instead of playing in it. An example of this is Brett Lindros. At the age of sixteen, the New York Islanders drafted Brett in the first round of the entry draft. He played his first NHL game against the Buffalo Sabers when he was eighteen years old. One year later, on February ninth, his whole life came crashing down on him. His lifelong dream to win a Stanley Cup had come to an end. He was hit with a thundering bodycheck into the boards and was knocked unconscious. Soon it was discovered that Brett had a history of concussions that dated back to when he was sixteen years old. The collision forced him to retire at the age of nineteen and spend the rest of his life pondering what was now the fact that he would have to quit in order to live. What actually happened was, when he was hit against the boards, his head hit the glass and that impact forced him to collapse and fall to the ice. He was immediately taken to the emergency room and there the doctors said that they could not examine the severity of the injury so soon. The severity of a concussion depends strictly on how much force is applied to the head and whether it is a head-on or a glancing blow.1 The following week, doctors told him that he had to stop playing hockey because the concussion was very severe and there was no way that he could regain his health and play hockey. This gruesome injury could have been avoided if Brett was wearing an approved helmet. The helmet that he was wearing at the time of the injury had no foam on the inside. That foam helpsabsorb the impact of a blow to the head. If he had been wearing one, there would have been a huge chance that he could have left the ice with only a mild injury instead of a career ending one. Another example is Brian Berard. His whole career came to an end on March the eleventh when he was playing against the Ottawa Senators. Marian Hossa was taking a slapshot and Berard fell to the ice to block the shot. When the puck was shot, the end of Hossas stick struck Berard in his eye. The blow caused a 20-millimeter cut across the eyeball, detached the retina, sliced off the lens, and caused other problems.2 Brian Berard is only twenty-two years old and is forced to finish his career because of his health. All of which could have been avoided if he had been wearing a visor on his helmet. If he had been wearing a visor, Hossas stick would have just bounced off the plastic and Berard would still have blocked the shot. Its very sad to think of all the good people who have been injured while playing this very physical sport of hockey. It is even more heartbreaking to think about all of those whose injuries that could have been avoided if they had just had the proper protectio n. Bretts older brother Eric Lindros defines this best. There is no player more valuable to his team than Eric is to the Philadelphia Flyers. But on December fourteenth, his career came to a halt when he was hit with a painful elbow to his head. He was playing against the Florida Panthers when Alex Hicks elbowed him in his face. He got a ten-1 Levy Allan, Sports Injury Handbook (Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985), 49. 2 Ormsby Mary, Berard Set For Surgery On Eye, Toronto Star, 21 Mar. 2000, D6. minute major and suspended for 6 games, but the damage had already been done. Eric Lindros had his most severe concussion. He was unconscious for twelve minutes and when the doctors examined him a few days later, they concluded that he had postconcussion syndrome. Postconcussion syndrome is when a patient experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, lossof memory, of the event fatigue, and general weakness. For some people, these symptoms clear up and they feel fine, but the symptoms recur when they become active again.3 Even though Eric had no control over the situation that occurred, if he had been wearing a cage on his helmet, the blow would not have been so severe. Eric will return to playing hockey next season and has told the press that he is thinking about wearing a visor for protection. The game of hockey is one of the most brutal sports in the world. Players who dont wear the proper protection are leaving themselvers open for injuries. It is better to be safe than to be sorry. Players who wear approved equipment set a good example for the future generation of hockey players. An example of players setting good examples for children is, if the players of the NHL continue to wear protective equipment, the children watching them will grow up not fearing injuries when they play hockey. Michael Landsburg states, If the league forces players to wear helmets, they will maintain the stars they have now and the upcoming generations wont have to worry about concussions or other related injuries.4 He is stating that if the NHL makes it mandatory for their players to wear helmets, most of the players in the game today will be injury free. He is also saying that if helmets become mandatory many of the injuries that exist in the NHL will become extinct, such as Postconcussion Syndrome and other head injuries. Also, he states that 3Levy, Allan. Sports Injury Handbook (Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985), 50. 4Off The Record, TSN, 14 May 2000. Female Characters In Candide EssayQuin states, If this rule is enforced, the league will become less brutal and more action packed.7 He is saying that he is in favour of the rule where the NHL should force their players to wear protective gear and if the rule becomes enforced, the game would become less violent thus bringing a more positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. Mike Gartner is another person who can prove that protective gear brings a positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. He has been in the league for fourteen years and has seen some of the most brutal hits and injuries in the game. He always wears a visor and he recommends it to anyone involved in hockey. Gartner said, when you wear a visor, there is nothing else on your mind other than playing the best hockey that you possibly can.8 He is saying that when a player wears a visor, he remains focused on the game and doesnt have to worry about severe injuries. When players remain focused they tend to play with raw e motions which bring a more positive atmosphere to the game. Finally, Pat Burns proves that wearing protective gear brings a more positive atmosphere to hockey. He is a coach that has been in the league for seven years. He has coached numerous teams such as the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Boston Bruins. He has broken almost all the records as a coach such as most wins, ties, and most times coaching the Stanley Cup champions. He is well respected around the league and gets the attention of almost everyone he talks to. Burns states, when the players wear their equipment throughout the season, most of the time they remain healthy throughout the season.9 What he means is that the fans of the league who work their nine-to-five jobs for their fixed salaries get the satisfaction of knowing that their favourite player will be in the lineup instead of on the bench with an injury. When the superstars in the league are always healthy the seats in the stands get filled 7 Lang, Brian. Pat Quin vo tes to enforce, The National Post 14 March 2000. D4. 8 Jennings, Peter. Profile: Gartner, The Hockey News 7 February 1998. 42. 9 Jennings, Peter. Profile: Burns, The Hockey News 7 February 1998. 46. Pretty fast and therefore brings a more positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. Protective gear is used as the ultimate form of safety for all players. Everyone associated with the sport of hockey merits from the use of protective gear. Protective gear is safe, effective and reliable. The players in the NHL should wear protective gear. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY1. Gray, William. Youth and Injuries. New York: Giffen Inc. 1990. 2. Levy, Allan. Sports Injury Handbook. Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985. 3. Wright, Paul. Sports and Medicine. Washington: Arista Press. 1989. Sports and Games Essays