Business logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business coordinations - Essay Example Zara’s commitment to the European style showcase deals represent a stunning 66% of Inditex’ complete 9002 Million Euro, of which net benefit was 1002 Million Euro.â 1.1 THE EXISTING PROCESS AND LOGISTICS OF ZARA A group of originators in Zara is accused of the duty of spotting developing patterns in light of customer requests. Significant criticism from customers is gotten from Store Managers too. The data gathered by them on structure, standpoint and request is transmitted through a remote system. These sources of info are utilized by the structure Management group to build up the most recent items for Zara, (Sull, and Turconi, 2008). ... The entire procedure of structure and cutting takes around 10 days. After the models are created, they experience a choice procedure wherein the administration chooses which of them will go into business creation. This choice is made based on an exceptional calculation and the conditions and requests in the market. By and large just about 40% of the models become business items for clients. They are then come back to the assembling places to enter the creation chain, checked for quality control, and packaging, (Sullivan, 2005). The prepared material is moved to the mechanized conveyance community in Arteixo, which is the principle Distribution Center with no storeroom. Coordinations models help the administration in surveying the quantity of clusters that ought to be conveyed to the stores two times every week through shipments, which ensures that the stores are not over-burden and are conveyed according to their requests. An armada of trucks contact places with for the time bein g separations and sanctioned payload flights are utilized for bigger separations. The organization crushed its delivery models and chose to go with air freight, so flights can compose outbound transfer of all organization items with return venture stacked with crude materials and half-completed items, (Burt, Dawson, and Larke, 2003). Fig1: Complete Operations chain of Zara Fashions  Fig2: Outline of tasks at Zara SECTION 2â This segment presents theâ advantagesâ / disadvantages, SWOT, PEST investigation of Zara and assessment of current activities and coordinations at Zara.â 2.1 Strategic Advantages Being not the same as customary retails, its doesn't redistributes itsâ operationsâ or items

The Behavioral And Technical Approach Information Technology Essay

The Behavioral And Technical Approach Information Technology Essay A few perspectives on data frameworks represent that the investigation of data frameworks is a field with different orders and in this manner, no single hypothesis or point of view oversees. As a rule, the field can be isolated into conduct and specialized methodologies. The conduct approach can be separated considerably further into sub-classes to incorporate financial aspects, brain science, and human science. The specialized methodology can likewise be separated into sub-classifications to incorporate administration science, software engineering, and activities examine. A significant component of the data frameworks field is associated with social issues that surface in the turn of events and conservation of data frameworks. Issues like vital business plan, execution and use, and the executives can't be completely investigated with the models utilizing a specialized methodology. Conduct trains, for example, financial aspects, brain science, and humanism can likewise contribute crucial ideas and procedures. For instance, financial analysts study data frameworks basically keen on what sway frameworks have on cost structures inside the business and inside its specific market. Then again, Psychologists are keen on how human chiefs grasp and use data. At long last, sociologists study data frameworks searching for how gatherings and associations structure the improvement of frameworks and furthermore how these various frameworks influence people, gatherings, and associations (Information Management, 2010). Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The social methodology doesn't totally overlook innovation. Actually, data frameworks innovation is as often as possible the explanation behind a particular social issue or issue. In any case, for the most part the core of this methodology isn't regularly designed for specialized arrangements. Rather it focuses on adjustment in perspectives, the board and authoritative arrangement, and conduct. Specialized Approach The specialized way to deal with data frameworks puts accentuation on scientifically based models to examine data frameworks, notwithstanding the physical information and capacities of these frameworks. The orders that assume a job in the specialized methodology are software engineering, the board science, and activities investigate. Software engineering has to do with making hypotheses of processability, methods for calculation, and ways to deal with compelling access and capacity of information. The board science features the development of models for dynamic and the executives methodology. Ultimately, activities look into manages numerical strategies for enhancing business issues, for example, stock control, transportation, and exchange costs (Information Management, 2010). Key Management Challenges Building, working, and keeping up data frameworks in todays quick paced business world can be exceptionally testing. These key administration challenges depend on a huge number of issues, for example, data framework ventures, vital business choices, globalization, data innovation foundation, and morals and security. Data System Investment Challenge Whenever oversaw wisely, interests in data frameworks can improve workers lives and a businesss by and large execution. For example, in the course of recent years the Internet has created structure a specialized development to an individual and business need. Some businesss have perceived impressive enhancements in handling data by changing from centralized server registering to PCs associated by neighborhood (LAN). The capacity of programming applications to distinguish and correspond appropriate information in an information distribution center permits organizations to reveal unidentified money related or physical asset connections and thusly make accessible reasonable help where there had been none. Be that as it may, alongside the capacity to improve lives and associations, some data framework ventures can get dangerous, exorbitant, inefficient errors. To defeat these difficulties, senior administration faculty should have the option to effectively assess these speculations to gu arantee the right quantifiable profit (ROI) (Laudon, 2006). Vital Business Challenge You can get any administration book and you can find out about the essentialness of building up a vital arrangement, and thoughts regarding how to both create and actualize your arrangement. Then again, you will likewise discover articles that you infer that key arranging doesn't work since it is difficult to build up a drawn out arrangement in this regularly changing business condition. As I would like to think, reality lies some place in the middle. Key arranging can assist you with getting readied on what you have to achieve throughout the following years, what things you should achieve those objectives, and precisely how to approach achieving your objectives. The difficulty is that the advantages of key arranging can be effortlessly lost. These plans bomb basically as a result of what occurs after the procedure of key arranging. All in all, an incredible exertion goes into making and building up a key arrangement, which is then immediately set aside and overlooked, even by the individuals that made it. The objective of key arranging lies in the improvement of the arrangement, yet additionally in its execution. Actualizing the key arrangement will possibly work in the event that you are clear about what this arrangement can bring to you and the association. The key arrangement needs to have esteem, not exclusively to the association, yet additionally to the workers. Most importantly the arrangement should be utilized by everyone. A key arrangement should be utilized as a dynamic apparatus from the highest point of the association right to the base. CEOs should have the option to utilize it to settle on choices on the heading of their business, mergers, or staffing. Directors ought to likewise have the option to utilize it to settle on choices for the needs of their areas of expertise objectives and destinations, and to adjust crafted by their specialty to the general objectives of association. In conclusion, each representative must have the option to utilize the arrangement to perceive their own objectives, and where they fit in enormous plan of things. At the point when actualized effectively, a key arrangement assists with adding significance and center to each person, yet the association in general (Information Systems, 2010). Globalization Challenge The globalization of data innovation warrants extraordinary consideration by business administrators, government authorities and academic analysts for a huge number of reasons. Initially, is that data innovation and frameworks are high-innovation businesses of extensive size and with noteworthy potential for animating monetary development and employments. The prompt development in worldwide exchange and the surfacing of a global economy require data frameworks that can support both the creation and selling of merchandise and enterprises in a wide range of nations. Second, access to the most exceptional PC and media communications innovation is integral to serious accomplishment in almost all businesses. Government strategies which intentionally or coincidentally hinder mechanical advancement in the creation and utilization of PCs, data frameworks and media communications have significant financial impacts. Third, given language boundaries, social, and political contrasts among dispar ate nations, this concentrate frequently brought about disarray and the breakdown of focal administration controls (Laudon, 2006). To conquer these difficulties, it is basic for association to create worldwide equipment, programming, and data frameworks principles. Moreover, associations must have the option to make worldwide bookkeeping and revealing techniques and structure overall business forms. Data Technology Infrastructure Challenge This specific test for organizations manages how associations can create data innovation foundations that can support their objectives when business circumstances are changing at a quick pace. Maturing framework is clearly an enormous issue in numerous businesses that just gets greater over the long haul. Some gear may have had outer overhauls or facelifts, however as a rule, it is more than 70 years of age. Numerous associations are left with costly and unmanageable IT stages that can't promptly adjust to advancement and change. Moreover, a serious business condition and the weights of the worldwide budgetary circumstance weigh progressively on organizations minds (Information Systems, 2010). To fight this test, a few associations might be required to overhaul its association and build up another data innovation foundation to make due in this serious business world. Morals and Security Challenge Associations should consistently be perceptive that their data frameworks are utilized in both a morally and socially capable way. Despite the fact that data frameworks have given numerous advantages, they have additionally made new moral and security gives that must be tended to. Each improvement in data innovation can be connected to in any event one moral issue. From Facebook to requesting stock on the web, PC clients are uninformed of the fragile harmony between moral conduct and benefits. Organizations, programming and equipment engineers, and people must consider what is morally right when utilizing data innovation regularly. The essential issues basic to the universe of data innovation are the people desire for protection and the suppliers moral obligation to utilize its applications dependably (Information Systems, 2010). The difficulties associations will face will be the manner by which to apply excellent affirmation guidelines to their data frameworks, just as to their ite ms and administrations. Moreover, they should create data frameworks that are secure as well as that are still simple to use by most people. Advanced Firms An advanced firm can be portrayed as, One in which almost the entirety of the associations noteworthy business connection

On being at college

On being at college I live in Massachusetts. I am a freshman. I am in college. I go to MIT. Even though I have been repeating these phrases over and over in my head for the past 2 weeks that I have been on campus, I still can’t believe it! MIT is like this entirely new planet in which I am yet to discover. For some background, my high school was tiny. My graduating class was only around 70 students and the entire school was in a warehouse. Like, actually, the rectangular building used to be a warehouse for some satellite service provider. Getting lost was practically impossible because there were only a couple of hallways and none of them had any forks; walking from one side of campus to the other took less than 4 minutes. MIT on the other hand, is not a rectangle (in fact it feels like the most un-rectanglulary shaped campus I have ever seen). It is also not a warehouse. There are more than 70 students. There are many hallways. (SO. MANY. HALLWAYS.) (There is even an Infinite Corridor And yes, I have gotten lost :( (it’s okay though because after getting lost I found this super cool website called Whereis.mit.edu, a handy-dandy campus map). Honestly though, I expected to get lost at some point. Everything is so new! Psets, lectures, recitations, clubs, dorms, numbers, mailing lists (SO. MANY. MAILING LISTS.), the constant opportunity for free food (yeah, there’s even a mailing list to know where to get the free food), and of course, acting like a responsible adult… (Technically though, I’m not actually an official adult yet, so maybe I’m exempt from this?) Ok, let’s discuss the numbers, because that relates to other things I want to talk about. What classes am I taking? 18.02, 8.01, 7.016, 6.001, and 21G.401. I just got back from a meeting in 37-212. My first class tomorrow is in 34-101. If you are like any normal person not accustomed to the numerically saturated language of MIT, you’re probably in utter confusion, something to look forward to if you decide to come here. Although I do know what my own classes translate toâ€" Multivar Calculus, Physics: Classical Mechanics, Biology, Intro to Python, and German I, and I do know that rooms are strategically labeled in the format (room #)-(floor)(classroom #) â€" I’m still definitely not yet fluent in MIT. Anyways, my schedule is pretty heavy with back to back classes, but luckily MIT time is a thing, and so everything starts 5 minutes late and ends 5 minutes early. Current concerns include: acquiring all the necessary supplies for class, the distance from Next House to the Sailing Pavilion (I should mention I’m on the varsity team wooo) and should I go all the way back home (yes, I’m calling it home) in the hour before practices?, the distance from Next House to campus and should I go all the way back home at all during the day?, will I have TIME for stuff? (a concern everyone here seems to have), and hoping that I don’t accidentally delete an important email while trying to filter out all the spam (next-clicker, I’m talking to you). However my adjustment to this foreign planet called MIT plays out, I’m excited for what’s next. (Subtle reference to Next House best house??) :-)

The Kantian Revolution From Metaphysics to Epistemology

The Kantian Revolution: From Metaphysics to Epistemology Immanuel Kant is often credited as responsible for the philosophical equivalent of the Copernican Revolution in astronomy. His Copernican Turn introduced the human mind as actively involved in the origination of experience rather than just being a passive recipient of perception. He explains it most thoroughly in the following quote: Up to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but all attempts to find out something about them a priori through concepts that would extend our cognition have, on this presupposition, come to nothing. Hence let us once try whether we do not get farther with the problems of metaphysics by assuming that the objects must conform to our cognition, which would agree better with the requested possibility of an a priori cognition of them†¦This would be just like the first thoughts of Copernicus, who, when he did not make good progress in the explanation of the celestial motions if he assumed that the entire celestial host revolves around the observer, tried to see if he might not have greater success if he made the observer revolve and left the stars at rest. Now in metaphysics we can try in a similar way†¦since experience itself is a kind of cognition requiring the understanding, whose rule I have to presuppose in myself before any object is gi ven to me, hence a priori, which rule is expressed in concepts a priori, to which all objects of experience mustShow MoreRelated Humanities - The Heart of Liberal Education Essay examples3330 Words   |  14 PagesSuch concepts cannot be isolated from political and civic dimensions of life as well as from personal cultivation and character. Nonetheless, older views based on these aspects are open to serious criticism. The four views considered are Aristotelian-Thomistic, Cartesian-positivist, Kantian, and traditionalist (in a liberal and hermeneutic sense). The paper describes key elements in each of these views and notes several objections, with a marked preference for Kantian and traditionalist views. KantRead MoreEssay about Reflections on the Analytic/Continental Divide3546 Words   |  15 Pagesanalytic philosophy has ever left this early beginning or whether it remains, as according to Joseph Margolis (Temple), Pre-Kantian (Historied 57). Margolis argues that analytic philo sophy, to the extent that it does not eschew all cognitive privilege and a principled disjunction between an independent actual world and the world we experience and claim to know, is Pre-Kantian, particularly most forms of externalism--the view that all thought contents are individuated at least partly by externalRead More Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics THEME In regard to Metaphysics, Kant’s results were seemingly the opposite to what he strove to achieve, cf. the claim, in his Introduction, that â€Å"In this enquiry . . . I venture to assert that there is not a single metaphysical problem which has not been solved, or for the solution of which the key has not been supplied.† In the summing up of his Prolegomena, he records with evident pride in achievement: â€Å"Anyone who has read through and grasped the principlesRead Morehistory of philosophy5031 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿History of philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see  History of Philosophy (disambiguation). This article  may require  copy editing  for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling.You can assist by  editing it.  (April 2013) Philosophy Philosophers Aestheticians Epistemologists Ethicists Logicians Metaphysicians Social and political philosophers Traditions Analytic Continental Eastern Islamic Platonic Scholastic Periods Ancient Medieval Modern Read MoreThe Importance of Philosophy to Engineering8110 Words   |  33 Pageswater. 1 In fact, from the perspective of some members of the engineering community - not to mention those of the philosophy community - the situation is even worse. Engineering is customarily divided into a number of different branches: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, chemical engineering, nuclear engineering, computer engineering, etc. Something similar goes for philosophy. It too includes different branches: logic, epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aestheticsRead MoreLanguage and the Destiny of Man12402 Words   |  50 Pagessubstance†. The accusers claim that the human body and soul were viewed as completely separate; consequently, their relationship as such and the united being of man become incomprehensible. As has been shown above, the idea of the separation of the soul from the body did not originate with Descartes; it was formulated much earlier, and repeated by a disciple of Descartes’, Henry Leroy, known as Regius. When Descartes be came aware of this bizarre interpretation he was dismayed and sought to clarify the

Diabetes A Common Chronic Disease - 878 Words

Diabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. Glucose is the primary source of fuel for our body. When foods were digested, some of those foods were converted into glucose. Glucose then is transferred into the bloodstream and is used by cells for energy. However, for the glucose to be transferred from the blood into the cells; insulin, which was produced by the beta cells in the pancreas is needed. In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired. Currently, the disease affects approximately 371 million people of the world s population with incidence and prevalence rates rising rapidly (Alotabi, A., Al-Ganmi, A., Gholizadeh, L., and Perry, L, 2016). According to Center for Disease and Control Prevention (2015), approximately 29.1 million people in the US have been diagnosed with diabetes, placing them at increased risk for the many adverse health complications of poor control. If the current trend follows, it is expected that 1 in 3 Americans will have diabetes by 2050 (CDC, 2015). Diabetes is categorized into three major types as the following: type 1 diabetes mellitus is defined as people with diabetes either have too little or no insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to the cells cannot use the insulin, so glucose builds up in the blood, and gestational diabetes mellitus is usually diagnosed in either second or trimesterShow MoreRelatedDiabetes : A Common Chronic Disease1230 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes is a common chronic disease that causes problems in the way the blood uses food. The inability of the body to transform the sugar into energy is called diabetes. 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Steinbeck presents Crooks Free Essays

Steinbeck presents Crooks as practical and intelligent. This is shown in chapter in the passage â€Å"rubber boots† â€Å"alarm clock† and the â€Å"California Civil Code† book. The books show he reads and cares about his Rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Steinbeck presents Crooks or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also shows that he is practical and active with his alarm clock. It can alternatively mean that he has to be Intelligent to protect himself from getting beaten by the boss If he is late to which he needs to be protecting himself from horse manure. Also with the Californian civil code to be mauled† suggests he attacked the book with anger which could show a bitter hatred the way that people like him are treated Ilke outsiders causes him to lament his loneliness even in his home state. Steinbeck also presents Crooks as permanent and doesnt move around with evidence supporting this Is, â€Å"battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk. It show how he gets beaten down by loneliness and prejudicial treatment of that he Is the only black man on the ranch. The word â€Å"special shelf† suggests the organisation In his home showing that he Ilkes o be stationary and kept whereas it could also mean he has to stay there by the boss and also live alone rather than mixing with white people so Crooks has to live alone and makes full use of living in the barn. B) His character shows us how coloured people were treated in the 1930’s. It tells us that they were treated as second-class citizens and weren’t worthy to share anything with non-coloured people, we know this due to Crook’s having â€Å"his bunk in the harness room†, I think that it is because his boss doesn’t think it’s right for Crook’s to share a bunkhouse with the other men n the ranch, so Crook’s is forced to sleep in the barn. Shows how everyone targeted him as inferior because of the colour of the skin. The separation of his bunk implies that because of his skin colour no one wants to sleep in the same room as him as they think that Crooks isnt worthy of living with them and so they show their racial hatred towards him by their abuse in calling him a â€Å"Nigger†. Due to this, Crooks could turn to books for company which are the only thing that does not consider him as an outcast. How to cite Steinbeck presents Crooks, Papers

Protective Gear Equals Safety In The Nhl Essay Example For Students

Protective Gear Equals Safety In The Nhl Essay PROTECTIVE GEAR EQUALS SAFETY IN THE NHLThe NHL should force their players to wear protective gear. Three reasons why protective gear should be worn are: one, it would prevent physical injuries; two, the players would set a good example for the future generations; three, it would take away from the negative aspects of the game. Protective gear helps a somewhat violent game remain as clean as possible. Wearing protective gear would prevent physical injuries in hockey. There were many hockey players who have worked hard all of their lives to become professional hockey superstars and when they finally got to the NHL, they become injured and were forced to watch the game instead of playing in it. An example of this is Brett Lindros. At the age of sixteen, the New York Islanders drafted Brett in the first round of the entry draft. He played his first NHL game against the Buffalo Sabers when he was eighteen years old. One year later, on February ninth, his whole life came crashing down on him. His lifelong dream to win a Stanley Cup had come to an end. He was hit with a thundering bodycheck into the boards and was knocked unconscious. Soon it was discovered that Brett had a history of concussions that dated back to when he was sixteen years old. The collision forced him to retire at the age of nineteen and spend the rest of his life pondering what was now the fact that he would have to quit in order to live. What actually happened was, when he was hit against the boards, his head hit the glass and that impact forced him to collapse and fall to the ice. He was immediately taken to the emergency room and there the doctors said that they could not examine the severity of the injury so soon. The severity of a concussion depends strictly on how much force is applied to the head and whether it is a head-on or a glancing blow.1 The following week, doctors told him that he had to stop playing hockey because the concussion was very severe and there was no way that he could regain his health and play hockey. This gruesome injury could have been avoided if Brett was wearing an approved helmet. The helmet that he was wearing at the time of the injury had no foam on the inside. That foam helpsabsorb the impact of a blow to the head. If he had been wearing one, there would have been a huge chance that he could have left the ice with only a mild injury instead of a career ending one. Another example is Brian Berard. His whole career came to an end on March the eleventh when he was playing against the Ottawa Senators. Marian Hossa was taking a slapshot and Berard fell to the ice to block the shot. When the puck was shot, the end of Hossas stick struck Berard in his eye. The blow caused a 20-millimeter cut across the eyeball, detached the retina, sliced off the lens, and caused other problems.2 Brian Berard is only twenty-two years old and is forced to finish his career because of his health. All of which could have been avoided if he had been wearing a visor on his helmet. If he had been wearing a visor, Hossas stick would have just bounced off the plastic and Berard would still have blocked the shot. Its very sad to think of all the good people who have been injured while playing this very physical sport of hockey. It is even more heartbreaking to think about all of those whose injuries that could have been avoided if they had just had the proper protectio n. Bretts older brother Eric Lindros defines this best. There is no player more valuable to his team than Eric is to the Philadelphia Flyers. But on December fourteenth, his career came to a halt when he was hit with a painful elbow to his head. He was playing against the Florida Panthers when Alex Hicks elbowed him in his face. He got a ten-1 Levy Allan, Sports Injury Handbook (Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985), 49. 2 Ormsby Mary, Berard Set For Surgery On Eye, Toronto Star, 21 Mar. 2000, D6. minute major and suspended for 6 games, but the damage had already been done. Eric Lindros had his most severe concussion. He was unconscious for twelve minutes and when the doctors examined him a few days later, they concluded that he had postconcussion syndrome. Postconcussion syndrome is when a patient experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, lossof memory, of the event fatigue, and general weakness. For some people, these symptoms clear up and they feel fine, but the symptoms recur when they become active again.3 Even though Eric had no control over the situation that occurred, if he had been wearing a cage on his helmet, the blow would not have been so severe. Eric will return to playing hockey next season and has told the press that he is thinking about wearing a visor for protection. The game of hockey is one of the most brutal sports in the world. Players who dont wear the proper protection are leaving themselvers open for injuries. It is better to be safe than to be sorry. Players who wear approved equipment set a good example for the future generation of hockey players. An example of players setting good examples for children is, if the players of the NHL continue to wear protective equipment, the children watching them will grow up not fearing injuries when they play hockey. Michael Landsburg states, If the league forces players to wear helmets, they will maintain the stars they have now and the upcoming generations wont have to worry about concussions or other related injuries.4 He is stating that if the NHL makes it mandatory for their players to wear helmets, most of the players in the game today will be injury free. He is also saying that if helmets become mandatory many of the injuries that exist in the NHL will become extinct, such as Postconcussion Syndrome and other head injuries. Also, he states that 3Levy, Allan. Sports Injury Handbook (Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985), 50. 4Off The Record, TSN, 14 May 2000. Female Characters In Candide EssayQuin states, If this rule is enforced, the league will become less brutal and more action packed.7 He is saying that he is in favour of the rule where the NHL should force their players to wear protective gear and if the rule becomes enforced, the game would become less violent thus bringing a more positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. Mike Gartner is another person who can prove that protective gear brings a positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. He has been in the league for fourteen years and has seen some of the most brutal hits and injuries in the game. He always wears a visor and he recommends it to anyone involved in hockey. Gartner said, when you wear a visor, there is nothing else on your mind other than playing the best hockey that you possibly can.8 He is saying that when a player wears a visor, he remains focused on the game and doesnt have to worry about severe injuries. When players remain focused they tend to play with raw e motions which bring a more positive atmosphere to the game. Finally, Pat Burns proves that wearing protective gear brings a more positive atmosphere to hockey. He is a coach that has been in the league for seven years. He has coached numerous teams such as the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Boston Bruins. He has broken almost all the records as a coach such as most wins, ties, and most times coaching the Stanley Cup champions. He is well respected around the league and gets the attention of almost everyone he talks to. Burns states, when the players wear their equipment throughout the season, most of the time they remain healthy throughout the season.9 What he means is that the fans of the league who work their nine-to-five jobs for their fixed salaries get the satisfaction of knowing that their favourite player will be in the lineup instead of on the bench with an injury. When the superstars in the league are always healthy the seats in the stands get filled 7 Lang, Brian. Pat Quin vo tes to enforce, The National Post 14 March 2000. D4. 8 Jennings, Peter. Profile: Gartner, The Hockey News 7 February 1998. 42. 9 Jennings, Peter. Profile: Burns, The Hockey News 7 February 1998. 46. Pretty fast and therefore brings a more positive atmosphere to the game of hockey. Protective gear is used as the ultimate form of safety for all players. Everyone associated with the sport of hockey merits from the use of protective gear. Protective gear is safe, effective and reliable. The players in the NHL should wear protective gear. BibliographyBIBLIOGRAPHY1. Gray, William. Youth and Injuries. New York: Giffen Inc. 1990. 2. Levy, Allan. Sports Injury Handbook. Toronto: John Wiley Sons Inc, 1985. 3. Wright, Paul. Sports and Medicine. Washington: Arista Press. 1989. Sports and Games Essays

Kasabian Live at O2 Academy free essay sample

Staring at the dimly lit stage in the O2 Academy, the  ­anticipation rushes through my body in a moment of raging  ­excitement. This is, after all, my first Kasabian experience. The stage illuminates, and as the strobe lights begin to work their magic on the packed venue, the pulsating opening of â€Å"Vlad the Impaler† blasts out, and the band strides proudly onto the Newcastle stage to cheers that last all night. Charging into a set that  ­includes tracks from their self-titled first album, it seems the Leicestershire boys are in outstanding form as they lift the raucous crowd to their feet. Tracks like â€Å"Shoot the Runner† send the crowd into mass sing-along, while â€Å"Cut Off† has them dancing in a psychedelic trance. The true highlight is their new single,† Fire.† Even after the band leaves the stage, the delighted crowd sings its way out of the venue and into the streets of Newcastle. We will write a custom essay sample on Kasabian Live at O2 Academy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Looking at Kasabian now, it is hard to believe they were ever grouped with the likes of Oasis as a modern â€Å"lad rock† band. One thing is for certain: with shows like this, it is hard to believe Kasabian will ever be grouped again.

Hazard Identification and Control Essays

Hazard Identification and Control Essays Hazard Identification and Control Paper Hazard Identification and Control Paper The first step evaluating hazards identification and control is looking for the hazards. Looking at the Wal-mart company there are various hazards which have been identified.   The hazards were stemming from mulch to milk and light bulbs to laundry detergent. Some of the identified hazardous compounds of the company were released from rubber mulch and tire crumbs. Compound identified from rubber crumbs included buylated hydroxyanisole, benzothiazole 4 –t (-octyl) phenol and n –hexadecane. These compounds were likely to cause various problems in the bodies of its workers and overall inhabitants for instance benzothiazole could cause eye and skin irritation, harmful if swallowed. Butylated hydroxyanisole can cause carcinogen, suspected endocrine toxicant, teratogenic toxicant, immunotoxicant, gastrointestinal toxicant, neurotoxicant, and sense-organ and skin toxicant.   N-hexadecane could cause severe irritant based on animal and human studies. : The tire rubber also released zinc, lead and cadmium into the ground water. High levels of zinc are phytotoxic when they enter the ground soil or water. Tire rubber also releases tire dust and the chemicals which are contained in the dust are perceived to be troublesome to the lungs. Carcinogens are found in the dust that posing the risk of cancer. Rubber crumbs also cause allergic responses because sensitized individuals tend to respond to exposures especially when there is a higher number of children suffering from asthma today allergic responses are mainly caused by exposure to high levels of latex. Human and environment health inc. expresses concerns about possible dangers that may result from recycled tires thus making consumers to think deeply before putting rubber much near or around their pets or children. Rubber tire fabrications are mainly attributed to the exposure to dusts and chemicals. Continued use of crumbs and recycled tire shreds in gardening, athletic fields and play grounds involves direct and repeated exposures for both adults and children chemical and tire dust which are similar to those in tire plants (Olioscourge.blogspot.com, 2010). Wal-Mart Company has adequate hazard inventory system. For example it has got some stipulated emergence response and accidental release prevention policies. These policies guide the company against exposure to chemicals. It also has got the stationary source and regulated handling of substances.   It also has got mitigation measures and administrative controls to limit distances for every reported scenario. The inventory system also has specific prevention procedures accompanied by a general prevention program on accidental. The inventory system also bears some of the planned changes to improve safety and the emergence response program. There are some procedures used by the Wal-Mart company in preventing and controlling its hazards. For instance the company utilizes anhydrous ammonia as a refrigerant. Its use necessitates some safety precautions for the company always strives to prevent exposure to all its personnel, nearby members of the surrounding community and the existing natural resources to minimize potential releases the company practices continual, accurate training on various safety procedures and devices. It also ensures that access to the facilities is only restricted to the facility workers employees. It also ensures that the maximum amount of ammonia at this specific facility is 45 thousand pounds because those are the limits set by IIAR recommendations. The worst case scenario is perceived to be ther failure of the largest vessel or intermediate pressure recirculation. Walmart company had effective inventory for it has seen a decrease in wokday incident rates this inventory has some weaknesses for example how was it possible for the company to sell chinese bracelets and pendants which had cadmium. There are various ways in which walmart controls its hazards. One is through the engneering controls whereby the hazard is controlled from its source. The other method is safety work practices this will include the general rules at the work place. The other method is the adminstration controls. This will include things like exercise breaks, rotation of workers and additional relif employees or workers. Hazards are also pprevented through personal protective equipment. PPE is effective for the control of hazards especially when engneering and adminstrative controls are being installed. There should be a PPE training and assessment. The assessment will set standards operating procedures for all the personnel and also train workkers on some of the protective limitations of the PPE. The other method is system track hazard correction. This is the thecorrectionof some of the hazards which take place despite the control and prevention program. Employees reports on accident investigation ad harzards provide space for recommendatiomns about hazards correction. The job to be   analysed is warehouse attendant at the Walmart’s company. The job involves lifting and packing of cartons fridges, horticultural products and many more. Major harzards include coldness from the low temperature products, heavy weight of the cartons andother products, and long heavy working hours. This may result into aching backs and pneumonia caused by the handling of   low temperature goods. Preventive measures include a protective gear in the hand, eyes andears. The other preventive measure of the employees tireness and heavy duty the company can hire more employees to make sure that there are shifts whereby workers will have an opportunity to relax (Osha.gov, 2010). References Olioscourge.blogspot.com. (2010). Wal-mart’s Earth Month and Rubber Mulch. Retrieved on May 14th from http://olioscourge.blogspot.com/2008/04/wal-marts-earth-month-and-rubber-mulch.html Osha.gov. (2010).Job Hazars Analysis. Retrieved on may 14th from   osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.html

Case Study Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study Summary - Essay Example Most of the processes are automated, but there is a need for human intervention for checking the system. This translated into the scenario where unexpected demand or troubles with the equipments caused inventory management and customer service problems. The year of 1999 was very difficult due to weak international economies, a shortened demand, over-capacity, and a squeeze on prices and margins. So the people at Eastman Chemical Company set the goal of better customer service, lowering operating costs, improving plant performance, and reducing inventory costs. There was a clear need for improving the supply chain planning processes. The solution for Eastman Chemical Company was to implement agile demand planning, agile production scheduling, and efficient distribution of inventories. (Ng, 2002: pp. 1-3). Eastman was the first chemical enterprise to do business online. Eastman was an early adopter of the Internet as an excellent medium of information for leveraging its capabilities. Eastman, headquartered in Kingsport, Tennessee, United States, manufactured over 1,200 chemicals, fibers, and plastics. It was one of the top 10 global suppliers of custom-manufactured fine chemicals for pharmaceutical, agricultural, chemicals, and other markets for a wide array of consumer products. On December 5, 2001, the publication Chemical Week placed Eastman worldwide as 43rd by sales, 59th by profitability, and 29th by innovation in the global industry. As a pioneer in e-business, Eastman had the following online strategy: In July, 1999, Eastman launched its Customer Center over the Internet at eastman.com. At the core of Eastman’s e-business strategy there was the Integrated System Solution (ISS) as the technical architecture for implementing the necessary interconnectivity at the supply chain level. By the year of 2001, Eastman was making about 30% of its sales through eastman.com, eastamanmarketplace.com, online marketplaces, EDI and ISS as its

Dubai is an example of modernity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Dubai is an example of modernity - Essay Example With the discovery of oil in 1966, coupled with the vision on leadership of His Highness Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Dubai quickly expanded in the latter half of the 20th and early part of the 21st centuries to become one of the world’s foremost tourist destinations with world class hotels, entertainment, shopping, and sporting events. Dubai stands out today as a model in the Middle East for a modern, sophisticated Muslim society, steeped in tradition, but always striding forward with an eye to the future and leading the Middle East and the world in attracting businesses with a world-class cultural and economic base. It has thus become in international city with economic and cultural impact far beyond its borders. Prior to 1833, there was little that existed on the Saudi Arabian peninsula but a finger of desert separating the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. All that existed in this small peninsular area was a creek, which was settled by some 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, led by the Maktoum Family (Government of Dubai). As a natural harbor, the creek allowed the Maktoum Family to utilize its resources for fishing, pearling, and trade. In 1835, Dubai and the rest of the small states in the region signed a â€Å"Perpetual Maritime Truce† with Great Britain, allowing it to come under the protection of the UK. (Dubai City Guide). Unlike its neighbors, Dubai stood out with its welcoming attitude and fostering of trade and commerce, led by the rulers from the founding Maktoum Family. With the vision and leadership of Shaikh Saeed Maktoum, Daubai was encouraged to expand and look forward, toward the future, in an area which had traditionally looked toward the past. In 1892 he signed an exclusive business deal with the British and in 1894 permitted a full tax exemption for foreign traders (SkiDubai). Traders from all over the world descended on Dubai to take advantage of the

Analysis of Orthopeadic Theatre Time Utilization

Analysis of Orthopeadic Theatre Time Utilization ANALYSIS OF ORTHOPEADIC THEATRE TIME UTILIZATION AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL Trauma is the leading causes of admission in Kenyatta National Hospital and often these patients require surgery. The trauma burden unpredictability usually mismatches demand and supply of the hospital thus posing challenge for systems improvement and streamlining. Utilization is defined as the ratio of time that an asset is used, against its capacity. For uniformity among the OR team, it is extremely important to developing a precise definition of turnaround time. For the purpose of this paper, turnaround time is defined as the time between incision close of patient n and incision open of patient n+1. This definition captures the surgeon’s, anaesthetist and nurse perspective of turnaround time and allows us to see the delay between the most expensive value-added times in the theatre. Previous study from KNH reported high rate of cancellation of elective list on the day of surgeries (20.6%)1. One of the causes attributed to these delays was inefficient utilization of OR time, mainly due to delay in starting time and long turnaround time within the OR. It was noted that 70.9% of non clinical cancellation was due to list overrun/lack of time. It was also the leading cause of cancellation in KNH at (43.8%). Three specialty were identified to have recorded the highest cancellation rate were Cardiothoracic surgeries 38%, Neurosurgeries 37.8% and Orthopedic surgeries 32.6%1. Cancellation generally increases waiting list and the risk of further cancellation, which may cause patient dissatisfaction and compromise patient’s safety2. Poor scheduling of operations can result in cancellation of operation which is costly to both the patient and the hospital3. With the escalating cost of healthcare, quality of care fails to meet expectation of our patients and therefore, the health care organization should look on strategies to improve quality while reducing cost of running hospitals. The efficiency of operating room can be measured in variety of ways4. Efficiency is defined in term of ability to translate available time into earning5–8. Computer simulation and mathematical models, both of which essentially idealizations that the practical capacity for OR to be between 80-90%9. Justification Theatre complex is a high cost department with the hospital and therefore considerable resources are wasted if operating room if not used effectively. Improving the performance of operating room is key to achieving shorter waiting time for surgery, reducing cancellation for operations and more so achieving the implementation of booking of elective surgery in our hospital. Increased utilization of operating room improves patients flow and reduces the waiting list time. Improving theatre utilization would lead to a reduction in cost recovery from each patients10. 4 in their study in South African concluded that private operation theatre utilization rates were higher than public operation theatres due to commercial nature of private healthcare and absent consequent cost drivers in public health sector10. Utilization rate in South Africa was found to be 48% which was significantly lower than the globally bench mark of between 70-80%4. 11 concluded that the delay in starting list, under s chedule, interruption due to emergency surgeries, administrative reasons, induction of anesthesia and recovery police are the main factor that account for inefficient use of operating room facilities in India hospitals Operating room utilization rate is usually an indicator used in measuring efficiency in use of hospital resources. It is argued that high utilization is cost effective and improves quality of care10,12–15. Brief Description of KNH Main Theatre KNH Main theatre is located in the first floor of the tower block adjacent to Critical Care Unit (CCU), Renal and Burns Unit. It has twelve operating rooms out of which two are allocated to Prime Care Center; one is dedicated for emergency surgeries 24 hours a day. The remaining nine are allocated to different specialty in a week. The specialties are General surgery, Urology surgery, Maxillofacial surgery, ENT surgery, Pediatrics surgery, Plastic surgery, Ophthalmology surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Cardiothoracic surgery, Neurosurgical and Obstetrics and Gynecology surgery. Within the OR the following equipments are found, Operating table in the center of the room, Operating lights directly over the table to provide bright light during surgery, Anaesthesia machine is at the head of the operating table equipped with Electronic monitor machine which records the heart rate and respiratory rate by adhesive patches called chest leads placed on patient’s chest, it has also the Pulse oximeter which is attached to the patient’s finger with an elastic band aid. Pulse oximeter measures the amount of oxygen contained in the blood, an automated blood pressure measuring machine that automatically inflates the blood pressure cuff on patient’s arm continuously recording blood pressure, there is the diathermy machine which uses high frequency electrical signals to cauterize blood vessels and cut through tissue with a minimal amount of bleeding. Other specialized machines may be brought in depending on the nature of surgery. In a week there are 45 theatre space slot allocated to different specialty, out of which orthopedic surgeries have 12 slots and the remaining 33 slot are allocated among the remaining 10 specialty. The orthopedic department is located on the sixth floor of the tower block and has four wards namely 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D. Ward 6B serves as a joint admission for all pediatric cases from 6A, 6C and 6D. Each ward has four days in a week to do the elective surgeries. Theatre procedure Each ward is expected to submit its operation list to main theatre reception before 15:00 hours on the day before its as ­signed operation day. In the evening before the surgery, anaesthetists visit the wards to do a pre-anesthetic assessment on patients who had been scheduled for surgery. They are expected to re-assure these patients, assess their fitness for surgery, and also confirm the necessary investigation are done which they document in the pre-anesthetic check list. On the day of surgery porters are sent to the ward to bring the patients who are then received by a designated theatre nurse at the receiving area, the Receiving Area nurse check to confirm the identity of the patient, see that consent for the surgery had been given and all necessary investigation have been done. Thereafter, the patient is wheeled to waiting bay where he/she is kept on-hold until the theatre room is ready. All other procedures like intravenous access and induction of anaesthesia are done in theatre. After surgery, the patient is taken to Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) while the oper ­ating room is cleaned in preparation for the next patient. Economic considerations also suggest that it is desirable to keep operat ­ing rooms fully used. Thus, it is imperative that areas of time wastage in the theatre time flow be recognized and their causes identified. This will assist theatre managers take necessary steps to correct the problem14. Objective To identify areas of, and causes of operating room time delay, and suggest solution based on the identified deficiencies. Operating theatre represents an area of considerable expenditure in a hospital budget. Consequently, hospital administrators are so concerned with maximizing utilization of OR. This can only be made possible by knowing how much time is spent on which activity and there by identify the factors resulting in under utilization of OR16. Staffing KNH theatre complex is being managed by Assistant Chief Nurse (ACN) with the help of Administrative Officer. The two are answerable to the Head of Department (HOD) Theatre, TSSU and CSSD. The staff within each OR includes Surgeons, Anesthetist, 1- circulating nurse , 1- scrub nurse and 1- theatre sterile assistant (TSA). The general theatre activities are overseen by a Theatre Users Committee (TUC), with HOD as the chairperson. Other members are from Nursing, Surgery, Anaesthesia, Administration and Technical departments. Data Collection I will survey the timing of events in the Orthopedic OR using their elective operating lists available from Monday to Friday at theatre front office desk for a period of one month. I will use a designed proforma based on established oper ­ating theatre process steps to record the following; Patient sent-for (PS): Time when porter leave R/A to the ward for the patient Patient available (PA): Time the patient arrives at theatre R/A Patient in room (PIR): time when patient enters OR Anesthesia/Induction start time (AIT): time induction of anesthesia starts Surgery start time (ST): time cleaning of surgical area Surgery finish (SF): time dressing is put on the incision site Patient out OR (POR): Time at which patient leaves the OR From the above times, I will derive the following: Ward to theatre transfer interval: the interval between PS and PA (b-a). This interval is prolonged when it is greater than 20 minutes. R/A waiting time: It is the interval be ­tween patient available (PA) and when patient is transferred to OR (c-b). It is prolonged if it is greater than 10 minutes. Pre-anesthetic waiting time: the difference between patient’s in room (PIR) and anesthesia/induction start time (AIT) (d-c). It is prolonged when it is greater than 20 minutes. Anaesthesia admission time (AAT): the interval between AIT and ST (e-d) and it is prolonged when it is greater than 20 minutes. Surgery duration: the interval between ST and SF (f-e). Anesthesia reversal time (ART): the interval between SF and POR (g-f) Turnaround time (TAT): the interval between incision close of patient n and incision open of patient n+1. There will be a one week pilot study to set the cut-off point for the intervals between normal and delayed time. This will be based on the mean time observed in the pilot study and for convenience it will be rounded-up to the nearest number divisible by five. In case of delay outside theatre the officer involved will be interviewed to determine the cause of the delay. However, delays that occures in the theatre will be observed directly by the research assistant filling the proforma. The data was entered into SPSS 11.5 which was used to calculate the time intervals and for statistical analysis Efficiency means the management of theatre time, costs resources and staff to undertake as many procedures as possible within given levels of resources, or doing the same number of procedures using a lesser amount of resources .

Sectionalism Due to Western Expansion

The Antebellum period from 1800 to 1850 marked a time of sectionalism in American history. Furthermore, new territories gained during western expansion added to this conflict between different sections of America. Southern states wanted new slave territories, while the North wanted to contain the spread of slavery. While Western expansion contributed to growing sectional tensions between the North and South from 1800-1820, sectionalism intensified significantly from 1820-1850. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, Western territorial expansion started to increase a sense of sectionalism throughout America.President Jefferson obtained the Louisiana purchase from Napoleon in 1803, gaining unfamiliar territory West of the Mississippi River. As Lewis and Clark explored the area, others began to populate it, slowly leading to increased tensions between the North and the South. Soon an act was passed stating that territories with a certain number of inhabitants would be added to the un ion as newly developed states. Furthermore, During the Adams-Onis treaty with Spain, Florida was peacefully acquired as a state in America, which also increased tension.Eli Whitney’s cotton gin, and King Cotton increased the South’s dependence on slaves to sustain the supply and demand of cotton, while the North favored the containment of slavery; This difference between the territories regarding slavery directly contributed to the sense of sectionalism shared throughout the nation. However the issue of slavery would be postponed due to the War of 1812, and for a while afterwards, America’s shared sense of nationalism overpowered their shared sense of sectionalism.Around the time of 1820, America’s pride in their victory in the war of 1812 was wearing off, and the balance of nationalism and sectionalism among the nation shifted primarily due to Westward expansion. The Missouri Compromise of 1820, introduced by Henry Clay, allowed for both Maine and Missou ri to be admitted into the union on condition that Missouri became a slave state, as well as banning slavery above the thirty-sixth parallel. Any state admitted into the Union bellow this line would decide the legality of slavery for their new state, by popular sovereignty.This temporarily maintained the balance of slave states and free states in the Union, while increasing sectionalism throughout America. Neither the North or South wanted the other section to have more states favoring their own slavery ideals, in fear of biased representation in the Senate. Furthermore, sectionalism was demonstrated by the fact that congress felt the need to implement â€Å"The Gag rule†; This disallowed congress from discussing the issue of slavery for the next thirty years (while only lasting a decade).Though members of the house tried to pass the Wilmot proviso, which would ban slavery in newly acquired Mexican territories, Southerners naturally opposed this. Disagreements over how to dec ide the newly acquired land’s position on slavery, further intensified sectionalism between the North and South. At one point the South even tried to pass the Ostend Manifesto in an attempt to purchase Cuba from Spain, and admit it into the Union as a slave state.Although this effort failed, it strongly represents the intense sectionalism during the time: As an entire portion of the country acted autonomously to secure an additional state to gain power over their Northern neighbors. Finally, the compromise of 1850 was passed, declaring popular sovereignty as the determining factor of the position of slavery among the land gained from Mexico. Moreover, this compromise enforced a fugitive slave law, allowing the South to collect runaway slaves, abolished the slave trade in Washington D. C. , and admitted California as a free state.Although Congress implemented countless compromises to secure the unionization of America, their efforts proved futile, as sectionalism prevailed and the United States grew closer to an inevitable Civil War. Western expansion during the first half of the nineteenth century, along with increased tensions between the North and South due to slavery, directly increased the sense of sectionalism between the two regions. The controversy over controlled land transformed the nation’s intense sense of nationalism into an even more intense sense of sectionalism, leading to a Civil War only fifty years later.

Media Influence and Ethnic Identity

This paper gives a critical review of the literature on media depictions of minorities in Canada. I propose that the research tends to center on tabularize the under-representation and misrepresentation of ethnic minorities. Media Influence and Ethnic Identity The depiction of ethnic minorities in Canadian media serves to play an alarming part in determining the structure of Canadian minority identities. Researchers have insisted that it is imperative to research media-minority relations because the media play a crucial part in the creation of social identities (Henry). The media gives a vital source of data through which people gain information about their country, and our approaches and viewpoints are formed by what the media distinguishes as public information. The media is directly accountable for how Canada, in all its multiplicity, is interpreted among its people. Simply put, the media is accountable for the ways that Canadian society is interpreted, considered, and assessed among its habitants. The media influences attitudes in Canada by siphoning and selecting the data we receive to make choices about our day-to-day realities. Though, this selection procedure is governed by a series of vitals. Media images of Canadian ethnic minorities are not just a random panoply of depictions. Verdicts about depictions of cultural multiplicity must be envisaged within a series of opposing discourses taking place within media institutions. In spite of what we would like to consider, Canadian media is not just and democratic, nor objective in nature (Hackett, Gruneau, Gutstein, Gibson and NewsWatch). Ethnic Minority groups are regularly disqualified and marginalized, and the leading culture is reinforced as the custom. As researchers have established (Fleras and Kunz; Henry) the media push certain traits, most often negative, about ethnic minorities into the limelight, at the same time as others are downplayed or totally absent from depictions. How does this influence identity creation among ethnic Minority groups? Negative depictions of ethnic minorities teach ethnic minorities in Canada that they are hostile, abnormal, and inappropriate to country-building. Canadian media persist to transmit negative and conventional images that only serve to degrade ethnic Minority Canadians. In other words, ethnic minorities do not see themselves precisely mirrored in Canadian media, and that marginalization effects feelings of segregation. In Canada, questions adjoining the association between identity development among ethnic minorities and media are mainly weighed down because of multicultural policy. It has been recommended that in countries where official multiculturalism is legislated, multifaceted forms of racial discrimination can materialize through a variety of media depictions of ethnic minorities (Dunn and Mahtani, 163-171). Ethnic Minority Depiction: Under-representation And Mis-representation Since its beginning in the late 1960s to the 1980s, research on media-ethnic minority relationships was largely distant with probing the two main ways in which ethnic minorities are problematically treated in media accounts. First is the under-representation (or absence) of ethnic minorities. The second refers to the misrepresentation (or negative depiction) of ethnic minorities A) Under-representation The under-representation of a variety of cultural groups in Canadian media has been evocative of their insignificance or their nothingness. Most of the early research on ethnic depiction was concerned with inducting their nonexistence in the media sequentially to exhibit this argue. Different researchers have found that regardless of the culturally miscellaneous nature of Canadian society, that very multiplicity is frequently missing from media depictions (Fleras and Kunz 2001; Fleras 267-292). As Fleras (1995) spots out, the lack of ethnic minorities in the Canadian media is the law, rather than the exemption. In Canada, interracial relationships in spectacular series are rare. This efficiently reveals that the media is not exactly providing a mirror in which ethnic minority Canadians can see themselves — and their dating models — mirrored. In a study of ethnic minorities' depiction in Canadian amusement programs, MediaWatch scrutinized eight made-in-Canada dramatic series and exposed that only 4 percent of the female characters and 12 percent of the male characters were from diverse ethnic or racial locale (MediaWatch). This exposes that ethnic minorities (and in particular ethnic minority women) are relentlessly underrepresented in equally dramatic series and in news. Miller and Prince (1994) gave a comparable assessment from a news point of view by looking at the photos and news stories printed in six foremost Canadian newspapers. They concluded that out of the 2,141 photos printed, ethnic minorities were presented in only 420 images. Media researchers have specified that the impact of ethnic Minority eccentricity in the media merely serves to more embed the invisibility of ethnic minorities in the general public (Fleras 1995). Ethnic minorities in Canada do not see themselves mirrored in the media, and this effects feelings of refusal, belittles their assistance, and lessens their part as people in their nations (Jiwani 1995). For example, in their paper â€Å"Media (Mis)Depictions: Muslim Women in the Canadian Country,† Bullock and Jafri give extracts from their focus groups where Muslim women met to talk about the representation of Muslim women in the media. (35-40) B) Mis-representation A helpful result of these before time studies was that it gave a momentum for media researchers to examine how the media portrays ethnic minorities when they are actually represented. Researchers have recommended that the depiction of non-prevailing cultures normally prolonged in recent decades (Fleras 1995). One of the means in which Eurocentric domination is maintained is by restraining the kinds of depictions of ethnic minorities in the media to unconstructive or striking stereotypes. Ethnic minorities have persisted that media images of their elements disclose a remorseless pessimism in their description. Media researchers have pointed to the negative depictions of ethnic minorities in a variety of studies. In studies emerging in the 1970s, researchers in Canada have time after time pointed out that the media â€Å"rot †¦ on race-specific and culture cognizant characterizations of people†. Canadian media keep it up to rely on both negative and conservative depictions of ethnic minorities (Roth 1996; MediaWatch 1994; Fleras 1994; Zolf 13-26). Fleras (1994) has explained how ethnic minority images in Canadian media are constantly conservative ones, â€Å"steeped in groundless simplifications that swerve towards the comical or bizarre† (Fleras 1994:273), where the examples of ethnic minorities as â€Å"social problems† are regularly employed: namely, as pimps, high-school dropouts, homeless teens, or drug pushers in Canadian dramatic series. Fleras argues a modicum of media depictions of First Nations people, counting â€Å"the noble savage,† â€Å"the savage Indian,† â€Å"blood-thirsty barbarians,† and â€Å"the drunken Native,† among other damaging stereotypes (Fleras 1994; see also Fleras and Kunz 2001). In television and newsprint and political cartoons, media's fighters were altered primitives, colossal depictions of Indian activists† (Valaskakis 224-234). Gender is a relatively unfamiliar feature of studies about ethnic Minority depiction, as Jiwani (1995) has designated. Several actors and news anchors have spoken out candidly about their apprehensions about ethnic falsification in the media. Rita Deverell, senior producer of Vision TV, has expressed her views about the awkward interpretation of ethnic minorities in television. Deverell has pointed out that, compared to American images, â€Å"we have very few negative, wicked depictions of women of color. Undoubtedly, many researchers be in agreement that in typical media in Canada, ethnic minorities are offered as intimidation, with explicit positionings of â€Å"us† and â€Å"them† in which the former is an understood mainstream audience, and the latter is the ethnic minority (Fleras and Kunz 2001). This occurrence is unhappily not restricted to television dramas — it happens in newspapers and television news too. In a study of ethnic minorities and First Nations peoples' depiction in two major Winnipeg papers, a report conducted by the Social Planning Council of Winnipeg (1996) found that ethnic minorities are often shorn of admittance to the media and quote the problematical reportage of ethnicity when it is inappropriate to the event or incident. Tator (1995) has established that ethnic minorities are continuously being â€Å"singled out† and identified as the cause of a â€Å"social problem† in media depictions. Using the example of the â€Å"Writing Through Race† Conference held in Vancouver of 1994, she explains that the media continually misrepresents and distorts issues of importance to ethnic minorities. A few of the most inquisitive work on the continuation of typecasts has discovered the ways ethnic minorities have been normalized in Canadian news reports. Numerous government reports furnished through official multiculturalism have scrutinized the reporting of variety in the media, closing that stereotypes and negative images flourish (see Karim 1995). Ducharme (1986, 6-11) scrutinized national newspaper reporting of the Canadian immigration policy for a five-year period. Through the early 1990s, researchers gave a helpful Canadian equivalent to U.S. studies that were worried with anti-Islamic images reproducing in American news. Support groups have also added toward this discussion — a working example includes the report created by the Afghan Women's Organization, which appraises research, local activism, and community viewpoints on the portrayal of Muslim women in Canadian media. Supported on a six-month assessment of coverage of numerous Canadian newspapers, the MediaWatch Group of the Canadian Islamic Congress carried out a study of anti-Islamic media exposure, advocating results to the media industry (Canadian Islamic Congress 1998, 51). Henry et al. (1995) propose that this type of racism remains acutely surrounded within media institutions, where structuralist racism still permeates depictions, and regular patterns of under- and misrepresentation continue to strengthen uneven power relations. The tapered range of images of ethnic minorities has successfully reduced the aptitude of ethnic minorities to be distinguished as optimistic providers to Canadian society. Media researchers have pointed out that these unconstructive stereotypes are reason for concern because it creates a divide between ethnic minorities and so-called â€Å"real† Canadians — visible ethnic Minority Canadians are seen as â€Å"others† or â€Å"foreigners† who potentially have the power to threaten the country (Fleras 1995). The reinforcement of negative stereotypes ethnically pathologizes ethnic minorities, advancing racial divides. †¦Through examining the depictions of people of color in the media †¦ [it seems clear that the] dominant culture continues to establish its power and protect its supremacy by inculcating negative and conservative images of ethnic minorities †¦ generating a indistinct awareness on the part of the conventional of ethnic minorities. (Henry, 1999:135-136) Conclusion This paper maintains that the ways the media expose and account on ethnic minority groups in Canada very much affects the ways the public distinguishes ethnic Minority groups in Canadian society. Wide-ranging research crossways disciplines show that ethnic minorities are frequently typecasted in mass media. Media images can promote manners of acceptance and agreement or of fear and pessimism. When media representations fail to represent Canada's ethnic minorities with compassion, the entire country undergoes the consequences. Media workers require believing and creating substitute depictions of ethnic minorities and it may well be our duty to build up coalitions with them to give confidence other sorts of images. Works Cited Bullock, K., and G. Jafri. 2001. â€Å"Media (Mis)Depictions: Muslim Women in the Canadian Country.† Canadian Woman Studies 20 (2): 35-40 Ducharme, M. 1986. â€Å"The Coverage of Canadian Immigration Policy in the Globe and Mail (1980-1985).† Currents Spring: 6-11 Dunn, K., and M. Mahtani. 2001. â€Å"Media Depiction of Ethnic minorities.† In Progress and Planning 55 (3): 163-171. For a web version see Fleras, A. 1995. â€Å"Please Adjust Your Set: Media and Ethnic minorities in a Multicultural Society.† Communications in Canadian Society, 4th Edition. Toronto: Nelson Canada Fleras, A., and J. Kunz. 2001. Media and Ethnic minorities: Representing Multiplicity in a Multicultural Canada. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. Fleras, A.1994. â€Å"Media and Ethnic minorities in a Post-Multicultural Society: Overview and Appraisal.† in Ethnicity and Culture in Canada: The Research Landscape, edited by J. W. Berry and J. A. LaPonce, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 267-292 Hackett, R., R. Gruneau, D. Gutstein, T. Gibson, and NewsWatch. 2001. The Missing News: Filters and Blind Spots in Canada's Press. Aurora: Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives/Garamond Press Henry, F. 1999. The Racialization of Crime in Toronto's Print Media: A Research Project. Toronto: School of Journalism, Ryerson Polytechnic University Jiwani, Y. 1995. â€Å"The Media, ‘Race' and Multiculturalism.† A Presentation to the BC Advisory Council on Multiculturalism. March 17. See web site: http://www.harbour.sfu.ca/freda/articles/media.html Karim, K. 1995. Women, Ethnicity and the Media. SRA Reports. Ottawa: Canadian Heritage MediaWatch. 1994. â€Å"Front and Center: Ethnic Minority Depiction on Television.† Media Watch Research Series, Volume 1. Toronto: MediaWatch Miller J. and K. Prince. 1994. â€Å"The Imperfect Mirror: Analysis of Ethnic Minority Pictures and News in Six Canadian Newspapers.† A Report available from the Authors, Toronto: The School of Journalism, Ryerson Polytechnic University Roth, L. 1996. â€Å"Cultural and Racial Multiplicity in Canadian Transmit Journalism.† In Deadlines and Multiplicity: Journalism Ethnics in a Changing World, edited by Valerie Alia, Brian Brennan, and Barry Hoffmaster. Halifax: Fernwood Social Planning Council of Winnipeg. 1996. Media Watch: A Study of How Visible Ethnic minorities and Aboriginal Peoples are Portrayed in Winnipeg's Two Major Newspapers Winnipeg: Social Planning Council of Winnipeg. March Tator, C. 1995. â€Å"Taking a Stand against Racism in the Media,† Text of a speech at â€Å"Racism in the Media: A Conference Sponsored by the Community Reference Group on Ethno-Racial and Aboriginal Access to Metro Toronto Services,† October Valaskakis, G. 1993. â€Å"Guest Editor's Introduction: Parallel Voices: Indians and Others — Narratives of Cultural Struggle.† Canadian Journal of Communication 18 (3): 224-234 Zolf, D. 1989. â€Å"Comparisons of Multicultural Transmiting in Canada and Four Other Countries.† Canadian Ethnic Studies/Études ethniques au Canada 21 (): 13-26

The Strain Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 674 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? The Strain Theory There are many theories to crime causations one in particular caught my attention, one that I believe is the most accurate. The strain theory was developed in 1938 by Robert Merton and then updated by Robert Agnew in 1985. Agnew’s general strain theory is based on the general idea that â€Å"when people get treated badly the might get upset and engage in crime†. The general strain theory identifies the ways of measuring strain, the different types of strain, and the link between strain and crime. Agnew came up with two different ways to measure strain in an individual’s life. The first way is the subjective approach, where the researcher directly asks the â€Å"individual whether they dislike how they are being treated†. The second approach is the objective view, where the researcher asks individuals about pre-determined causes of strain. The causes of strain are things that the researcher identifies as treatment that a member of the group being studied would dislike. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Strain Theory" essay for you Create order The objective approach is most commonly used way to measure strain and it usually involves relationships with friends, families, and the community. But when doing research one must consider that individuals have different reactions to certain types of strain. To get an effective measure of strain the researcher must first make a list of all the negative circumstances that can result in strain. The second thing to be considered is the magnitude, duration, and clustering of negative events. There are three major types of strain. The first is the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the second is the loss of positive stimuli, and the third is the presentation of negative stimuli. Agnew noted that the three positively valued goals members of society strive for are 1) money, it is a cause for strain when it is not available through legitimate means and delinquents desire to gain large amounts of money. 2) status and respect, an individual strives to prove their masculinity by using criminal behavior. ) Last is autonomy, the power over oneself, this affects mainly adolescents and the lower class because of their position in society. The loss of positive stimuli can cause stress when an individual experiences a family death or a broken relationship with a friend or a romantic partner or it can be a result of the theft of a valued object. This could lead an individual to delinquency by the person trying to prevent the loss, retrieve what was lost, or to seek revenge on those who removed the positive stimuli. The presentation of negative stimuli can be through child abuse, neglect, neighborhood problems, and homelessness. The individuals who usually experience these negative events are adolescents with pain avoidance behaviors and juveniles with the inability to legally avoid noxious stimuli. The link between strain and crime are the criminal’s feelings. Strain can be caused by negative feelings an individual has for example defeat, despair, and fear but the feeling most connected to crime is anger. Individuals become angry when they blame their negative circumstances and relationships on others. Anger incites a person to action, lower inhibitions, and creates a desire for revenge. Anger and frustration enables an individual to justify crime. Also individuals who repetitively experience strain may be more likely to commit crime. The strain theory proposes that an increase in strain would lead to an increase in anger, which may then lead to an increase in crime. Robert Agnew’s general strain theory has come back in some crime causation explanations. Out of all theories that I researched, the strain theory made the most sense to me in explaining the cause of an individual to committing crime. The general idea is that when a person experiences negative stimuli they are most likely to engage in crime. I understand that individuals do get mad and seek revenge on those who brought them negativity or when a person is stressed over money they tend to engage in criminal behaviors. This theory seems to be the realest to me because I know people everywhere, everyday experience these events.